The Impact of Climate Change on Citrus Production in Sharkia Governorate

Ahmed, Faten S. A.; Abd El-Rahman, Basant A.; Mohamed, Ahmed A.

doi:10.21608/fjard.2025.393015.1128

The Impact of Climate Change on Citrus Production in Sharkia Governorate

Document Type : Research articles.

Authors

Regional Studies Research Department, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

10.21608/fjard.2025.393015.1128

Abstract

The results can be summarized as follows: Orange (Navel) Productivity: The average productivity remained unchanged over five years (35 tons); however, first-grade production decreased by 5%, second-grade increased by 43.3%, and lower-grade (rejects) increased by 10%, indicating an overall decline in fruit quality due to climate-induced deformities (e.g., sunburn, pest damage). Local Orange Production: Total output declined by 2.2%. First-grade production dropped by 12.85%, second-grade increased by 60%, and rejects rose by 10%. Mandarin Productivity: Total production fell from 6 tons to 5.4 tons—a 10% decrease. First-grade yield dropped by 10%, with increased deformities caused by sun damage. Lemon Productivity: Production declined from 5 tons to 4.5 tons (a 10% decrease). First-grade, second-grade, and rejects decreased by 10%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, indicating a broad decline in quality. Impact on Agricultural Inputs: Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative effect due to excessive use of superphosphate and sulfates. Conversely, malathion pesticide and the organic product Dumont showed statistically significant positive impacts. However, increased input usage did not sufficiently offset the negative climate effects, particularly in light of increased deformities and reduced quality. Farmers' Perceptions: 100% of farmers observed earlier blooming and increased flower drop. 90% reported higher pest infestation and floral cluster deformities. A majority reported increased needs for irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, with response rates ranging from 83.3% to 100%.

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