Document Type : Research articles.
Authors
1
Soils and Water Department, Fac. of Agric., Fayoum University, Egypt.
2
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
In the current study, a special attention was focused to identify the
inherited soil pedogenic aspects in a selected area of El-Fayoum district, Egypt,
which were achieved through the different cyclic-sequences of soil formation
by using the obtained data from Enhanced Images of Landsat Thematic Mapper
7 of the bands 2, 3 and 4 (ETM7, 2005), which are processed within the
geographic software. Such step represents a base for assessing the soil
potentiality for essential plant nutrients, and in turn the sustainable agriculture
on the long-term. The second attention was focused for setting up database of
wheat yield and its components as an indicator plant, through studying the
growth parameters/plant at vegetative stage (i.e., height, dry weight, tiller
number, leaf area, chlorophyll a & b and nutrients uptake), biological yield and
grain quality at harvest stage (i.e., spike characters, weight of 1000 grain, grain
or straw yields/fed as well as grain content of protein, carbohydrates, sugars
and amino acids) as affected by the studied soil properties (i.e., texture grade,
bulk density, available water, CaCO3, organic matter, ESP, pH and ECe) under
different cyclic-sequences of the deposited soil constituents. Such possible
relationships are usually used as a guide to explain and correct the problems
facing the current and future agricultural utilization projects, particularly
fertilization policy. Consequently, proposing the best landuse whether be under
demand for agricultural purposes or be planned for later on.
The obtained results showed that the identified soil characteristics of the
studied area are markedly varied and depending upon the soil genesis status.
Consequently, the essential plant nutrient contents of the soil, either in total or
available forms, as related to soil genesis and main characteristics were
exhibited widely variations. Hence, building a geographic database for the main
soil characteristics was established by using ILWIS software within CIS
format. On the other hand, the statistical analyses, i.e., simple correlation
coefficients, multiple regression equations and stepwise, were distinguished
by aiding the program outlined by SPSS (2003) software for assessing the
different relationships between the studied soil variables and plant nutrients
whether as total and available contents. Moreover, the contribution percentages
of either soil constituents with the studied total nutrient contents or the studied
soil variables with the available nutrient fractions were defined.
The positive or negative reflections of the aforementioned soil
relationships on the plant parameters of grown wheat (Sakha 93 cv.) at both
vegetative growth and harvest stages during an agricultural growing winter
season of 2009/2010 for selected nine soil sites were also taken into
consideration in this study. The results obtained indicate that such soil
relationships are exerted a great beneficial effect on the studied plant
parameters at both growth and harvest stages of wheat crop in soil
characterized by best soil variables, that having a pronounced content of
nutrient-bearing minerals as well as factors that are enhancing more released nutrients and their solubilization from both sources of native or added as
well the favourable biological conditions that are keeping them in available
forms for extended period and their mobility for uptake by plant roots. The
reverse was true for soils have adverse soil variables, particularly those are
poorer in nutrient-bearing minerals and exhibited adverseable conditions
that are controlling released nutrients and their availability for uptake by
plant roots.
Keywords
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