Document Type : Research articles.
Authors
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in loamy sand of Isimailia
Agricultural Research Station (ARC) during winter season 2010-
2011. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), Giza 168 variety were
sown. The used treatments were include two factors, (A) three levels
of soil moisture regime; 75%(W1), 60%(W2) and 45%(W3) of field
capacity); (B) five organic treatments (chicken manure) and mineral
(ammonium sulfate) nitrogen rates; (control (T1), 120 kg N ChK
(T2), 65 kg N ChK + 55kg N mineral (T3), 50 kg N ChK+70 kg N
mineral (T4), 35 kg N Chk+85 kg N mineral (T5). The experiment
design as randomized complete block design for factor A with B split
plot on A in three replicates. After harvest, grain and straw yield
were recorded, NPK uptake of the grain and straw, soil properties
(Bd, VR, TP, HC, Pores and moisture constant) were determined.
The results were summarized as follow;
Data revealed that effect of moisture regime W1, W2 and W3
were insignificant on soil physical properties. Significantly changes
in bulk density and soil porosity due to the use of different
application rates of both chicken manure and inorganic fertilizers as
ammonium sulfate, where BD decreased and VR and TP increased
with nitrogen rates. Relative decreased in QDP and FCP while
increasing SDP and WHP for T2, T3, T4 and T5 compared to
control. Hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased by applying
chicken manure. The maximum decreases were 35.41, 21.12, 23.40
and 11.05 for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Also, WHC, FC and
AW increased, while WP decreased with the previous treatments
compared to control.
Soil moisture regime of W1 and W3 at the root zoon resulted in
a significant decrease and W2 increased on yield of wheat grain and
straw. Regardless the effect of nitrogen level, decreasing the
moisture content in the root zone decreasing the grain and straw of
wheat yield and the values could be arranged in descending order as
follows W1>W2>W3 for grain, and W2.>W1>W3 for straw. The
maximum and minimum values of wheat grain and straw yield were
3.211, 0.487, at (T4W2), (T1W3) for grain yield 5.099, 0.952
ton/fed after, (T4W2) and (T1W3) for straw.
Soil moisture regime of W2 as well as T4 was the highest effect
on N-uptake of grain and straw. Nitrogen treatments increased N
uptake in both grain and straw. It could arrange the mean values of
N-uptake in descending order as T4 > T5> T3 for both grain and
straw.
Soil moisture regime of W1 for grain and W2 for straw as well
as T4 for both were the highest effect of P-uptake in the grain and
straw.
Increase inorganic-N increased K–uptake in both grain and
straw. It could arrange the mean values on descending order as
follows T4 > T3> T5 respectively. The same trend was observed in
case of the effect of water regime on the K uptake. Water regime
treatment of W2 and nitrogen treatments of T4 have pronounced on
the K–uptake in grain and straw.
Keywords
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