Citizenship of rural and urban youth in Sohag and Sharkia governorates "Comparative study"

The research aimed to determining the degree of practicing citizenship behavior by rural and urban youth respondents, identifying the relationship between independent variables of respondents and the degree of their practicing citizenship behavior in general, determining the significance of the differences between the respondents from the two study governorates in each of the elements of citizenship and citizenship in general, identifying the most important obstacles of their practicing citizenship behavior, and their proposals to increase the degree of citizenship. The research was conducted in the governorates of Sohag and Sharkia. AlManshah Center from Sohag Governorate, and Zagazig Center from Sharkia Governorate, were randomly selected, the sample size reached 400 respondents aged between 20-35 years. The data were collected through a questionnaire form with personal interview of the respondents, during the period from January to May of 2020 AD, and after completing the data collection, it was coded, unpacked and statistically analyzed by using frequency tables, percentage, weighted mean, simple correlation coefficient of Pearson , Chi- square test and T test. The most important results were found as follows: - It was found that the weighted mean degree of practicing citizenship behavior among the respondents in the countryside of Sohag governorate is 2.2 degrees, the urban area of Sohag is 2,19 degrees, the countryside of Sharkia governorate is 2.2 degrees, the urban area of Sharkia governorate is 2,2 degrees, and the total sample is 2,2 out of three degrees, which means that the respondents' practice of citizenship behavior is higher than the average. - There is a direct correlation relationship at 0.01 significant level between each of the respondent's total monthly income and the degree of citizenship. The value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient is 0.160 and it is greater than its tabular counterpart. - There is a direct correlation relationship at a level of 0.01 between each of the respondent’s degree of membership in social organizations and the degree of citizenship. The value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient is 0.158 and it is greater than its tabular counterpart. - There is a direct correlation relationship at a level of 0.01 between each of the respondent’s degree of cultural openness and the degree of citizenship. The value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient is 0.151 and it is greater than its tabular counterpart There is a direct correlation relationship at a level of 0.01 between each of the respondent’s Feeling of social appreciated and the degree of citizenship. The value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient is 0.360 and it is greater than its tabular counterpart Abdul Hady et al. FJARD VOL. 35, NO. 1. PP. 155-177. (2021) 177 - There is a direct correlation relationship at a level of 0.01 between the respondent’s Leadership degree and the degree of citizenship. the value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient is 0.328 and it is greater than its tabular counterpart -There is a direct correlation relationship at level of 0.05 between each of the respondent’s Family intolerance degree and the degree of citizenship. the value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient is 0.118 and it is greater than its tabular counterpart -There is an inverse correlation, at 0.01 level of significance, between the degree of alienation and the degree of citizenship; the value of Pearson's simple correlation coefficient was -0.151 which is greater than its tabular counterpart. - There are asignificent relationship at level of 0.05 between the educational status of the respondents and the level of citizenship, the value of chai square reached 22,291, which is greater than its tabular counterpart. - There were no significant differences in the average scores of the studied elements of citizenship and total degree of citizenship between the respondents from Sohag and Sharkia governorates, the calculated values of T- test were as follows: political participation 0,178, affiliation 0,602, social responsibility 1,415, community contribution 0,335, tolerance 1,052, social justice 0,748. Freedom 0,880, social, economic and political rights 0,426, citizenship totally 0,853 and all of them are less than their tabular counterpart. - The most important obstacles of respondents practicing citizenship behavior 'overall are as follow: the lack of proportionality of income with the high cost of living, inequality between people in rights and duties, widespread unemployment, widespread corruption and bribery, low level of awareness of young people of their rights and duties guaranteed to them by law, poor level of services and public facilities, and the difficulty of citizens' benefit of which. - The most important proposals of the respondents to develop their citizenship behavior were as follow: The necessity to encourage youth to participate in the affairs of their society, improve the level of services and facilities, educate youth about their rights and duties that are guaranteed to them by law through the media, work to solve the problem of unemployment among youth, development the educational subjects to support Values of citizenship, equality, freedom of expression and democracy, followed by work to satisfy the basic needs of youth.